A educação do campo no contexto de desenvolvimento do Litoral Norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul

A presente pesquisa tenciona a abordar os aspectos socioeducacionais do primeiro ano de funcionamento do curso de Educação do Campo na UFRGS Litoral Norte. A intenção foi analisar a relação que se estabelece entre a proposta político pedagógica, com ênfase às Ciências da Natureza e a concepção de desenvolvimento territorial, considerando aspectos socioeconômicos do Litoral Norte do RS. Para compreender os avanços pedagógicos neste processo de implementação do curso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa entre os alunos da primeira turma buscando problematizar sobre o entendimento dos mesmos em relação à concepção do curso de Educação do Campo, o papel das práticas pedagógicas no debate sobre o desenvolvimento sustentável da região, a relação que se estabelece entre Educação do Campo, Desenvolvimento e Ciências da Natureza e como o curso tem contribuído para a formação pessoal e profissional.This research intends to address the social and educational aspects of the first year of the Rural Education course at Federal University of Rio Grande do SUl (UFRGS) North Coast Campus. The intention was to analyze the relationship established between the political pedagogical proposal, with emphasis on the natural sciences and the design of territorial development, considering socio-economic aspects of the North Coast of the RS. To understand the pedagogical advances in this ongoing implementation process, there was a qualitative research among students of the first class seeking to question about the understanding of the same in relation to the design of the Rural Education course, the role of pedagogical practices in the debate on sustainable development of the region, the relationship established between the Rural Education, development and Natural Sciences and as the course has contributed to the personal and professional training

Detection and attribution of aerosol-cloud interactions in large-domain large-eddy simulations with the ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic model

Clouds and aerosols contribute the largest uncertainty to current estimates and interpretations of the Earth’s changing energy budget. Here we use a new-generation large-domain large-eddy model, ICON-LEM (ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic Large Eddy Model), to simulate the response of clouds to realistic anthropogenic perturbations in aerosols serving as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The novelty compared to previous studies is that (i) the LEM is run in weather prediction mode and with fully interactive land surface over a large domain and (ii) a large range of data from various sources are used for the detection and attribution. The aerosol perturbation was chosen as peak-aerosol conditions over Europe in 1985, with more than fivefold more sulfate than in 2013. Observational data from various satellite and ground-based remote sensing instruments are used, aiming at the detection and attribution of this response. The simulation was run for a selected day (2 May 2013) in which a large variety of cloud regimes was present over the selected domain of central Europe. It is first demonstrated that the aerosol fields used in the model are consistent with corresponding satellite aerosol optical depth retrievals for both 1985 (perturbed) and 2013 (reference) conditions. In comparison to retrievals from ground-based lidar for 2013, CCN profiles for the reference conditions were consistent with the observations, while the ones for the 1985 conditions were not. Similarly, the detection and attribution process was successful for droplet number concentrations: the ones simulated for the 2013 conditions were consistent with satellite as well as new ground-based lidar retrievals, while the ones for the 1985 conditions were outside the observational range. For other cloud quantities, including cloud fraction, liquid water path, cloud base altitude and cloud lifetime, the aerosol response was small compared to their natural variability. Also, large uncertainties in satellite and ground-based observations make the detection and attribution difficult for these quantities. An exception to this is the fact that at a large liquid water path value (LWP > 200 g m−2), the control simulation matches the observations, while the perturbed one shows an LWP which is too large. The model simulations allowed for quantifying the radiative forcing due to aerosol–cloud interactions, as well as the adjustments to this forcing. The latter were small compared to the variability and showed overall a small positive radiative effect. The overall effective radiative forcing (ERF) due to aerosol–cloud interactions (ERFaci) in the simulation was dominated thus by the Twomey effect and yielded for this day, region and aerosol perturbation −2.6 W m$^{-2}$. Using general circulation models to scale this to a global-mean present-day vs. pre-industrial ERFaci yields a global ERFaci of −0.8 W m$^{-2}$